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Kami-nidan (upper two rows) verbsThere are many verbs in classical Japanese that conjugate like ochiru, "to fall".
| mizenkei |
ochi- |
ochizu |
| renyoukei |
ochi- |
ochitari |
| shuushikei |
otsu- |
otsu |
| rentaikei |
otsuru- |
otsuru mono |
| izenkei |
otsure- |
otsuredomo |
| meireikei |
ochiyo |
ochiyo! |
So how can we recognize these verbs? Usually, if the modern derivative of a classical Japanese verb has a stem ending in i then it belongs to this conjugation pattern. There are, however, some exceptions, notably the ten verbs that belong to the kami ichidan (upper one row) class: miru : to see; kiru : to arrive; niru : to resemble; iru : to shoot; mochiwiru : to use; hiru : to get dry; iru : to cast (metal); wiru or hikiwiru : to lead, to command (troops); and wiru : to exist.
The kami ichidan pattern is given below, taking miru for example:
| mizenkei |
mi- |
mizu |
| renyoukei |
mi- |
mitari |
| shuushikei |
miru- |
miru |
| rentaikei |
miru- |
miru mono |
| izenkei |
mire- |
miredomo |
| meireikei |
miyo |
miyo! |
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